The Small Orchid is one of the most widespread wild orchids in Italy; in fact, almost every region has a different name for this flower. Although always recognisable, it varies considerably in the colour of its petals. The definition of the genus derives from the Greek anakamptein = to fold back, probably referring to the upward-curving tepals, or perhaps to the two erect segments on the labellum.
According to some, the specific name derives from the Latin morio = jester, due to the stripes on the helmet that resemble a jester’s cap. Others believe it derives from the name of the helmet worn by Spanish soldiers in the 16th century, the morion.
Description
The plant, 10-40 cm tall, is robust with a greenish stem at the bottom and tending to reddish-purple at the top.
The lower leaves are elongated and pointed and almost always form a basal rosette; the cauline leaves are erect and sheathing.
The inflorescence is more or less dense and elongated, with lanceolate, purple bracts. The flowers vary in colour from dark purple to lilac and white. The sepals and petals are connate, forming a green-streaked helmet. The labellum is wider than it is long, with broader lateral lobes and wavy or even crimped margins. The base and centre of the labellum are lighter in colour and speckled with reddish-purple.
The spur is robust, club-shaped, horizontal or slightly ascending, about as long as the ovary. Pollination is entomophilous: the flowers, which have no nectar, attract bees and bumblebees by visual deception, imitating flowers that do have nectar. The flowering period is from March to June.
Where to find it
It is found almost throughout Europe and in the countries of the Mediterranean basin. Its habitat ranges from poor grasslands to garrigue, scrubland clearings and light woods, with a preference for slightly acidic soils, in full sunlight or partial shade. It grows at altitudes of 0 to 1900 m.
